Class 10th

How do Organisms Reproduce? – Short Notes 1. Introduction 2. Types of Reproduction Feature Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Number of Parents One Two (Male & Female) Gametes Not involved Involved (Fusion of gametes) Offspring Genetically identical clones Genetically diverse Examples Binary fission, Budding, Fragmentation Humans, Flowering plants 3. Asexual Reproduction…

Control and Coordination – Short Notes 1. Introduction 2. Animals – Nervous System Uses electrical impulses for fast, short-lived responses. A. Neuron (Nerve Cell): Structural & functional unit. B. Reflex Action: C. Human Brain:Protected by the skull and has three main parts: Part of Brain Function Fore-brain(Cerebrum) – Controls voluntary…

Chapter 5: Life Processes – Short Notes 1. What are Life Processes? The basic functions performed by living organisms to maintain life are called life processes. The main life processes are: 2. Nutrition The process of taking in food and its utilization by the body. Modes of Nutrition: Human Digestive…

Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions & Equations – Short Notes 1. Chemical Reaction A process in which one or more substances (reactants) are converted into one or more new substances (products) with different properties. 2. Chemical Equation A shorthand method to represent a chemical reaction using symbols and formulae of the…

Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts – Short Notes 1. Introduction 2. Properties Property Acids Bases Taste Sour Bitter Touch – Soapy/Slippery Effect on Litmus Turn blue litmus red Turn red litmus blue pH Range < 7 > 7 Conductivity Conduct electricity in aqueous solution (due to H⁺ ions) Conduct…

Carbon and its Compounds. Class 10 Science – Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds – Short Notes 1. Introduction: Why Carbon is Unique Carbon forms a vast number of compounds due to two key properties: 2. Covalent Bonding in Carbon Compounds 3. Allotropes of Carbon Different forms of the same…

Metals and Non-Metals – Short Notes 1. Physical Properties Property Metals Non-Metals State Solid (except Hg) Solid, Liquid (Br), Gas Lustre Shiny (Metallic) Dull (except Diamond, I₂) Malleability Can be hammered into sheets Brittle Ductility Can be drawn into wires Not ductile Conductivity Good conductors of heat & electricity Poor…