Class 10th

Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions & Equations – Short Notes 1. Chemical Reaction A process in which one or more substances (reactants) are converted into one or more new substances (products) with different properties. 2. Chemical Equation A shorthand method to represent a chemical reaction using symbols and formulae of the…

Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts – Short Notes 1. Introduction 2. Properties Property Acids Bases Taste Sour Bitter Touch – Soapy/Slippery Effect on Litmus Turn blue litmus red Turn red litmus blue pH Range < 7 > 7 Conductivity Conduct electricity in aqueous solution (due to H⁺ ions) Conduct…

Carbon and its Compounds. Class 10 Science – Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds – Short Notes 1. Introduction: Why Carbon is Unique Carbon forms a vast number of compounds due to two key properties: 2. Covalent Bonding in Carbon Compounds 3. Allotropes of Carbon Different forms of the same…

Metals and Non-Metals – Short Notes 1. Physical Properties Property Metals Non-Metals State Solid (except Hg) Solid, Liquid (Br), Gas Lustre Shiny (Metallic) Dull (except Diamond, I₂) Malleability Can be hammered into sheets Brittle Ductility Can be drawn into wires Not ductile Conductivity Good conductors of heat & electricity Poor…